Smokeless tobacco, cardiovascular risk factors, and nicotine and cotinine levels in professional baseball players

Donald Siegel, N. Benowitz, V.L. Ernster, D.G. Grady and W.W. Hauck

American Journal of Public Health, 1992, vol. 82, issue 3, 417-421

Abstract: Background. The use of smokeless tobacco (ST), which has increased in popularity over the past 2 decades, results in considerable systemic exposure to nicotine. Nicotine might contribute to atherosclerosis by an effect on cardiovascular risk factors. Methods. The effects of ST use on cardiovascular risk factors and cotinine and nicotine levels were studied in 1061 professional baseball players during spring training in 1988 and 1989. Results. Of the study participants 477 (45%) were users. ST use was more common among Whites (55%) than among Blacks (29%) or Hispanics (21%), and users reported heavier consumption of alcohol (p

Date: 1992
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:1992:82:3:417-421_1

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