Obstacles to Successful Highlander Colonization of the Amazon and Orinoco Basins

David L. Clawson

American Journal of Economics and Sociology, 1982, vol. 41, issue 4, 351-362

Abstract: Abstract. Highlander settlement of the Amazon and Orinoco lowlands east of the Andes has increased to the point where every nation from Venezuela to Bolivia presently has active colonization programs and policies. Colonization alleviates social and economic stresses in the highlands and western coastal cities and contributes to a fuller utilization of national sources. Spontaneous colonization has proven more successful than government‐directed efforts. Shortages of adequate roads and public services and difficulties in obtaining clear land titles and sufficient credit seriously hinder the pioneers. To succeed, individual colonists must also learn new lowland farming techniques and products, develop an ability to cooperate with fellow settlers, and overcome discouragement brought on by isolation and loneliness. In spite of these obstacles, the colonization effort serves both the personal and nationalistic interests of those involved and can be expected to continue.

Date: 1982
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