Women in “old boys” networks? Social class and gender gaps in individual social capital in Spain

Atilano Pena‐López, Paolo Rungo and Paula Cobo‐Arroyo

Social Science Quarterly, 2024, vol. 105, issue 7, 2190-2207

Abstract: Objective This study investigates the intersection of gender and social class in determining individual access to social capital in Spain. Specifically, the study aims to examine how gender and class homophily influence the formation and composition of personal networks. Methods The study employs a quantitative approach, using survey data from a representative sample of the Spanish population. It analyzes the relationship between gender, social class, network size, and composition, leveraging a neocapital framework and considering the expected returns on social capital investments. Results The findings reveal a significant gender gap in social capital, particularly among the upper classes. Women, especially those from working‐class origins, have limited access to upper‐class networks compared to men with similar mobility experiences. These results highlight the reinforcing effects of class and gender homophily on social capital inequalities. Conclusions The study concludes that gender and class intersect to shape individuals' access to social capital in Spain. Homophily plays a crucial role in reinforcing privilege and limiting opportunities for women, particularly in the upper social strata. These findings underscore the need for policies and interventions to address gender discrimination and promote greater inclusivity in social networks.

Date: 2024
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https://doi.org/10.1111/ssqu.13464

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