PALESTÍNČANIA, OBČIANSKA VOJNA V LIBANONE A SÝRSKA INTERVENCIA 1976 (PALESTINIANS, CIVIL WAR IN LEBANON AND THE SYRIAN INTERVENTION 1976)

Tomáš Michaľák ()
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Tomáš Michaľák: Institute of History, Slovak Academy of Sciences

Medzinarodne vztahy (Journal of International Relations), 2014, vol. 12, issue 3, 254-271

Abstract: Keď sa v Libanone rozhorela občianska vojna, Sýria musela voči nej sformulovať svoju politiku. Vojna a smer, ktorý nabrala, pôsobila sýrskej vláde ťažkú dilemu. Sýria, dlhodobo sa snažiaca nastoliť nadvládu nad Libanonom aj nad Organizáciou za oslobodenie Palestíny (OOP), musela postupovať opatrne. Nemohla do konfliktu zasiahnuť otvorene na strane moslimských, ľavicových a palestínskych síl, aby tak nevyprovokovala USA a Izrael, ktoré by mohli zasiahnuť na strane kresťanskej falangy a pravice. V predkladanej štúdii objasňujeme príčiny a dôvody, ktoré viedli k sýrskemu vpádu do Libanonu v roku 1976. Hoci prítomnosť Palestínčanov v Libanone bola jednou z príčin vypuknutia občianskej vojny v roku 1975, oficiálna politika OOP bola taká, že organizácia sa nebude politicky angažovať vo vnútornom konflikte Libanonu a bude sa snažiť pôsobiť ako mediátor medzi znepriatelenými stranami. V štúdii preto zdôrazňujeme úlohu Palestínčanov v libanonskom konflikte, ktorému sa najmä oficiálne palestínske najvyššie miesta chceli vyhnúť. (When the civil war erupted in Lebanon, Syria had to formulate its policy towards this country. The direction which war took caused the Syrian government a difficult dilemma. Syria which had tried to impose long-term domination over Lebanon and also over the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) had to proceed with caution. Syria could not have intervened in the conflict on the side of the Muslims, leftists or Palestinian forces because that would have provoked the U.S. and Israel to help the phalanges and the Christian rightists. In this paper we explain the causes and reasons which led to the Syrian invasion of Lebanon in 1976. Though the presence of Palestinians in Lebanon was one of the causes of the outbreak of civil war in 1975, the PLO’s official policy was that the organization was not politically involved in the internal conflict in Lebanon and would seek to act as a mediator between the warring parties. The article therefore emphasizes the role of Palestinians in the Lebanese conflict, which the official Palestinian representatives wanted to avoid.)

Keywords: Libanon; Organizácia za oslobodenie Palestíny; Libanonské národné hnutie; Sýria; občianska vojna; Izrael (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: F51 Y80 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2014
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