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Fact-Checking Role Performances and Problematic Covid-19 Vaccine Content in Latin America and Sub-Saharan Africa

Michelle Riedlinger, Silvia Montaña-Niño, Ned Watt, Víctor García-Perdomo and Marina Joubert
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Michelle Riedlinger: Digital Media Research Centre, Queensland University of Technology, Australia
Silvia Montaña-Niño: Centre for Advancing Journalism, University of Melbourne, Australia
Ned Watt: Digital Media Research Centre, Queensland University of Technology, Australia
Víctor García-Perdomo: Research Center for Digital Technology and Society, Universidad De La Sabana, Colombia
Marina Joubert: Centre for Research on Evaluation, Science and Technology, Stellenbosch University, South Africa

Media and Communication, 2024, vol. 12

Abstract: The move from political fact-checking to a “public health” or debunking model of fact-checking, sustained by policies and funding from platforms, highlights important tensions in the case of Covid-19. Building on findings from studies focused on journalistic role performance, we investigated how professional fact-checkers in Latin America and sub-Saharan Africa conceived of and performed their professional roles when addressing Covid-19 vaccination topics. Interviews with fact-checkers from six well-established, Meta-affiliated, International Fact-Checking Network-accredited organizations operating in these regions indicated that fact-checkers recognized the diversification of tasks and new roles associated with addressing problematic content from social media users. However, fact-checkers expressed unanimous commitment to prioritizing political and media watchdog activities in response to problematic Covid-19 vaccine information spreading from elite sources. To compare these role conceptions with role performance, we conducted a content analysis of Covid-19 vaccine content posted in 2021 to these fact-checkers’ Facebook accounts. We found that content was mostly associated with explainers or debunking content (addressing hoaxes or rumors about Covid-19 vaccines from non-elite social media users). In particular, the abundance of explainers, compared with other genres of fact-checking content, aligns fact-checkers with professional roles as civic service providers, educators, and “interpreters” of health information. Only a small proportion of the Covid-19 vaccine-related posts from each fact-checker contained verifications of claims from authoritative (elite “top-down”) sources (i.e., politicians, media, and health/science professionals). This study offers insights into a particularly tumultuous time of political activity in these regions and considers implications for practice innovation.

Keywords: Africa; Covid-19; debunking; fact-checking; journalistic role performance; Latin America; Meta; politics; social media; vaccines (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:cog:meanco:v12:y:2024:a:8680

DOI: 10.17645/mac.8680

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