Public Perceptions of Minority Inclusion and Feelings of Political Efficacy: A Replication, Validation, and Extension

Christopher J. Clark and Steven Rogers

American Political Science Review, 2025, vol. 119, issue 4, 2019-2026

Abstract: Stauffer (2021) shows that when Americans perceive their legislatures as having more gender diversity, they perceive these institutions to be more responsive. In this letter, we use an independently fielded survey to validate Stauffer’s findings and investigate whether her findings extend to race. We successfully replicate Stauffer’s analyses. We also newly demonstrate that perceptions of Black representation in legislatures are related to increased external efficacy, and perceptions of gender descriptive representation are associated with increased trust. Such findings underscore the importance of studying citizens’ perceptions of descriptive representation to understand their attitudes toward government.

Date: 2025
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