American Shipping and Trade, 1798–1820: The Evidence from Leghorn

Charles A. Keene

The Journal of Economic History, 1978, vol. 38, issue 3, 681-700

Abstract: The response of American merchants to the opportunities of neutral trade after 1793 was not limited to expanding the volume of their operations. Semi-annual reports on shipping submitted by American consuls to the Department of State provide a uniquely rich source of evidence about mercantile decisions. Analysis of the evidence from the port of Leghorn, Italy, between 1798 and 1820 reveals the growing productivity of American shipping and the characteristics of America's re-export trade to southern Europe.

Date: 1978
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