The Labor Force Participation of Turn-of-the-Century Married Women

Martha Norby Fraundorf

The Journal of Economic History, 1979, vol. 39, issue 2, 401-418

Abstract: The standard modern model of married women's labor force participation is modified because turn-of-the-century families had the alternatives of substituting children for the mother in the labor force and of taking in paying boarders. The modified model explained 1901 participation rates quite well. Participation rates were significantly related (negatively) to the number of older children (potential workers) but not to the number of young children. In addition, the availability of jobs was more important than high wages in inducing women to seek work. Other family income, the male unemployment rate, and literacy also were significant.

Date: 1979
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