Mortality on Immigrant Voyages to New York, 1836–1853

Raymond L. Cohn

The Journal of Economic History, 1984, vol. 44, issue 2, 289-300

Abstract: The first systematic estimates of mortality on immigrant ships are presented in the paper. From passenger lists of immigrant arrivals, a sample of 1077 ships that arrived at New York between 1836 and 1853 was obtained and analyzed. Immigrants died at a rate of about 10 per thousand boarded per month with a significantly higher rate for 1849. Mortality was found to vary by sex, port of origin, and season of arrival. No significant variation was found between mortality and the following variables: crowding, nationality of the immigrant, and year of arrival.

Date: 1984
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