Tariff Incidence in America's Gilded Age

Douglas Irwin

The Journal of Economic History, 2007, vol. 67, issue 3, 582-607

Abstract: In the late nineteenth century, the United States imposed high tariffs to protect domestic manufacturers from foreign competition. This article examines the magnitude of protection given to import-competing producers and the costs imposed on export-oriented producers by focusing on changes in the domestic prices of traded goods relative to nontraded goods. The results suggest that the 30 percent average import tariff gave about a 17 percent implicit subsidy to import-competing producers and effectively taxed exporters at about 10 percent. Tariffs redistributed large amounts of income (about 8 percent of GDP), but the effect on consumers was roughly neutral.

Date: 2007
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Working Paper: Tariff Incidence in America's Gilded Age (2006)
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