Jointly estimating subnational mortality for multiple populations

Ameer Dharamshi, Magali Barbieri, Monica Alexander and Celeste Winant
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Ameer Dharamshi: University of Washington
Magali Barbieri: Institut National d'Études Démographiques (INED)
Monica Alexander: University of Toronto
Celeste Winant: University of California, Berkeley

Demographic Research, 2025, vol. 52, issue 3, 71-110

Abstract: Background: Understanding patterns in mortality across subpopulations is essential for local health policy decision-making. One of the key challenges of subnational mortality rate estimation is the presence of small populations and zero or near zero death counts. When studying differences between subpopulations, this challenge is compounded as the small populations are further divided along socioeconomic or demographic lines. Objective: We aim to develop a model to estimate subnational age-specific mortality rates that accounts for the dependencies in mortality experiences across subpopulations. Methods: We develop a Bayesian hierarchical principal components-based model that shows correlations across subpopulations. Results: We test this approach in a simulation study and also use the model to estimate age- and sex-specific mortality rates for counties in the United States. The model performs well in validation exercises and the US estimates suggest substantial variation in mortality trends over time across geographic lines. Contribution: Our proposed model jointly estimates age-specific mortality rates for multiple subpopulations at the subnational level. By sharing information across subpopulations, our model improves on previous approaches that treat subpopulations as independent. Additionally, we demonstrate that ancillary correlation parameters are a useful tool for studying the convergence and divergence of mortality patterns over time.

Keywords: mortality rates; Bayesian hierarchical model; principal components analysis; subnational; estimation; US counties; joint estimation (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: J1 Z0 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:dem:demres:v:52:y:2025:i:3

DOI: 10.4054/DemRes.2025.52.3

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