Economic Bulletin Articles

2014 - 2025

From European Central Bank
60640 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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2025, volume 8

Four years into the Next Generation EU programme: an updated preliminary evaluation of its economic impact

Krzysztof Bańkowski, Nicholai Benalal, Othman Bouabdallah, Roberta De Stefani, Christian Huber, Pascal Jacquinot, Carolin Nerlich, Marta Rodríguez-Vives, Béla Szörfi, Nico Zorell and Christoph Zwick

Explaining the resilience of the euro area labour market between 2022 and 2024

Clémence Berson, Vasco Botelho, António Dias Da Silva, Claudia Foroni, Matthias Mohr, Christofer Schroeder and Marco Weißler

Energy shocks, corporate investment and potential implications for future EU competitiveness

Pablo Anaya Longaric, Alessandro De Sanctis, Charlotte Grynberg, Vasileios Kostakis and Francesca Vinci

2025, volume 3

Medium-term fiscal-structural plans under the revised Stability and Growth Pact

Othman Bouabdallah, Cristina Checherita-Westphal, Roberta De Stefani, Stephan Haroutunian, Sebastian Hauptmeier, Christian Huber, Daphne Momferatou, Philip Muggenthaler-Gerathewohl, Ralph Setzer and Nico Zorell

2025, volume 2

Developments in the recent euro area house price cycle

Christian Höynck, Moreno Roma and Kathinka Schlieker

2025, volume 1

Green investment needs in the EU and their funding

Malin Andersson, Petra Köhler-Ulbrich and Carolin Nerlich

Wage developments during and after the high inflation period

Colm Bates, Katalin Bodnár, Peter Healy and Marc Roca I Llevadot

European competitiveness: the role of institutions and the case for structural reforms

Marinela-Daniela Filip, Daphne Momferatou and Susana Parraga Rodriguez

2024, volume 8

Central bank money settlement of wholesale transactions in the face of technological innovation

Holger Neuhaus and Mirjam Plooij

2024, volume 7

The Survey on the Access to Finance of Enterprises: monetary policy, economic and financing conditions and inflation expectations

Annalisa Ferrando, Sara Lamboglia, Judit Rariga, Nicola Benatti and Ioannis Gkrintzalis

The ECB’s accountability to the European Parliament 2019-2024: commitment in times of change

Ferdinand Dreher, Nils Hernborg, Sarah Mochhoury, Timothy Mulder and Hanni Schölermann

2024, volume 6

Economic and financial impacts of nature degradation and biodiversity loss

Andrej Ceglar, Miles Parker, Carlo Pasqua, Simone Boldrini, Marie Gabet and Sjoerd van der Zwaag

Past and future challenges for the external competitiveness of the euro area

Camilla Altieri, Virginia Di Nino, Michael Fidora, Nina Furbach, Vanessa Gunnella, Marta Salazar Rodríguez and Tobias Schuler

2024, volume 5

The empirical performance of ECB/Eurosystem staff inflation projections since 2000

Mohammed Chahad, Anna-Camilla Hofmann-Drahonsky, Willi Krause, Bettina Landau and Antoine Sigwalt

Introducing the Distributional Wealth Accounts for euro area households

Nina Blatnik, Alina Bobasu, Georgi Krustev and Mika Tujula

The evolution of China’s growth model: challenges and long-term growth prospects

Alexander Al-Haschimi and Tajda Spital

2024, volume 4

Longer-term challenges for fiscal policy in the euro area

Edmund Moshammer

Sectoral dynamics and the business cycle in the euro area

Niccolò Battistini and Johannes Gareis

2024, volume 3

What does new micro price evidence tell us about inflation dynamics and monetary policy transmission?

Luca Dedola, Lukas Henkel, Christian Höynck, Chiara Osbat and Sergio Santoro

Trust in the ECB – insights from the Consumer Expectations Survey

Ferdinand Dreher

2024, volume 2

Is there a digital divide in payments? Understanding why cash remains important for so many

Alejandro Zamora-Pérez, Andrea Marini and Juha Honkkila

The impact of recent shocks and ongoing structural changes on euro area productivity growth

Paloma Lopez-Garcia, Wolfgang Modery, Tibor Lalinsky, Gert Bijnens, Brindusa Anghel, Simon Bunel and Maria Valderrama

2024, volume 1

The Eurosystem policy response to developments in retail payments

Patrick Papsdorf and Karine Themejian

2023, volume 8

Wage developments and their determinants since the start of the pandemic

Katalin Bodnár, Eduardo Gonçalves, Lucyna Gόrnicka and Gerrit Koester

The pandemic emergency purchase programme – an initial review

Benjamin Böninghausen, León Fernández Brennan, Laura McCabe and Julian Schumacher

2023, volume 7

Happy anniversary, BLS – 20 years of the euro area bank lending survey

Petra Köhler-Ulbrich, Maria Dimou, Lorenzo Ferrante and Conor Parle

2023, volume 6

SESFOD@10 – credit terms and conditions in euro-denominated securities financing and over-the-counter derivatives markets since 2013

Simon Kördel and Philippe Molitor

How climate change affects potential output

Miles Parker

The euro area current account after the pandemic and energy shock

Lorenz Emter, Michael Fidora, Fausto Pastoris, Martin Schmitz, Jerzy Niemczyk and Mykola Ryzhenkov

2023, volume 5

The macroeconomic implications of the transition to a low-carbon economy

Claus Brand, Günter Coenen, John Hutchinson and Arthur Saint Guilhem

2023, volume 4

The role of supply and demand in the post-pandemic recovery in the euro area

Roberto A. De Santis and Grigor Stoevsky

2023, volume 3

The impact of the recent inflation surge across households

Alina Bobasu, Virginia Di Nino and Chiara Osbat

The impact of Brexit on UK trade and labour markets

Tajda Spital and Katrin Forster van Aerssen

2023, volume 2

Fiscal policy and high inflation

Krzysztof Bańkowski, Othman Bouabdallah, Cristina Checherita-Westphal, Maximilian Freier, Pascal Jacquinot and Philip Muggenthaler

2022, volume 8

ECB Communication with the wider public

Marius Gardt, Siria Angino, Simon Mee and Gabriel Glöckler

The ECB survey of Monetary Analysts: an introduction

Claus Brand and John Hutchinson

2022, volume 7

Risk sharing in the euro area: a focus on the public channel and the COVID-19 pandemic

Jacopo Cimadomo

2022, volume 6

Fiscal policies to mitigate climate change in the euro area

Marien Ferdinandusse, Carolin Nerlich and Mar Delgado-Téllez

2022, volume 5

Guaranteeing freedom of payment choice: access to cash in the euro area

Alejandro Zamora-Pérez

The recovery in business investment – drivers, opportunities, challenges and risks

Malin Andersson, Claudia Di Stefano, Yiqiao Sun and Francesca Vinci

2022, volume 4

The euro short-term rate (€STR): completing the transition to the new euro benchmark

Javier Huerga, Anne-Lise Nguyen, Pascal Nicoloso, Vladimir Tsonchev and Antonio Matas Mir

Firm debt financing structures and the transmission of shocks in the euro area

Fédéric Holm-Hadulla, Alberto Musso, Giulio Nicoletti and Mika Tujula

Energy price developments in and out of the COVID-19 pandemic – from commodity prices to consumer prices

Friderike Kuik, Jakob Adolfsen, Aidan Meyler and Eliza Lis

2022, volume 3

Economic inequality and public trust in the European Central Bank

Stephanie Bergbauer, Alessandro Giovannini and Nils Hernborg

Energy prices and private consumption: what are the channels?

Niccolò Battistini, Virginia Di Nino, Maarten Dossche and Aleksandra Kolndrekaj

2022, volume 2

Assessing corporate vulnerabilities in the euro area

Giulio Nicoletti, Ralph Setzer, Mika Tujula and Peter Welz

Financial risks in China’s corporate sector: real estate and beyond

Apostolos Apostolou, Alexander Al-Haschimi and Martino Ricci

2022, volume 1

Next Generation EU: A euro area perspective

Maximilian Freier, Charlotte Grynberg, Marguerite O'Connell, Marta Rodríguez-Vives and Nico Zorell

Owner-occupied housing and inflation measurement

Martin Eiglsperger, Rodolfo Arioli, Bernhard Goldhammer, Eduardo Gonçalves and Omiros Kouvavas

2021, volume 8

The digital economy and the euro area

Robert Anderton, Valerie Jarvis, Vincent Labhard, Filippos Petroulakis, Ieva Rubene and Lara Vivian

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the euro area labour market

Robert Anderton, Vasco Botelho, Agostino Consolo, António Dias Da Silva, Claudia Foroni, Matthias Mohr and Lara Vivian

The European exchange rate mechanism (ERM II) as a preparatory phase on the path towards euro adoption – the cases of Bulgaria and Croatia

Ettore Dorrucci, Michael Fidora, Christine Gartner and Tina Zumer