On the Relations among CO2 Emissions, Gross Domestic Product, Energy Consumption, Electricity Use, Urbanization, and Income Inequality for a Sample of 134 Countries

Roberto J. Santill n-Salgado, Humberto Valencia-Herrera and Francisco Venegas-Mart Nez
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Roberto J. Santill n-Salgado: Tecnol gico de Monterrey, EGADE Business School, M xico
Humberto Valencia-Herrera: Tecnol gico de Monterrey, Campus Ciudad de M xico, M xico,
Francisco Venegas-Mart Nez: Instituto Polit cnico Nacional, Escuela Superior de Econom a, M xico
Authors registered in the RePEc Author Service: Roberto Santillan and Francisco Venegas-Martínez

International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 2020, vol. 10, issue 6, 195-207

Abstract: This paper is aimed at examining the relations among CO2 emissions, gross domestic product (GDP) growth, energy consumption, electricity use, urbanization, and income inequality for a sample of 134 countries by using principal components analysis, Granger causality, vector error correction (VEC) models, and panel vector autoregression (PVAR) models. Data was obtained from the World Bank with annual observations from 1990 to 2014. The chosen countries are those with ten years or more of concurrent data of the variables under study. The main empirical findings suggest a Kuznets curve between CO2 emissions per capita and GDP per capita. In addition, CO2 emissions have a long-term relationship with economic growth, energy use, electricity use, urbanization, and inequality. Finally, in the short run, CO2 emissions depend on economic growth, urbanization, and income inequality.

Keywords: CO2 Emissions; Energy; Economic Growth; Urbanization; Gini Index (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: F64 O13 O18 O44 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2020
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Citations: View citations in EconPapers (5)

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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:eco:journ2:2020-06-26

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