Experimental investigation of the lithium-ion battery impedance characteristic at various conditions and aging states and its influence on the application

Wladislaw Waag, Stefan Käbitz and Dirk Uwe Sauer

Applied Energy, 2013, vol. 102, issue C, 885-897

Abstract: In recent years, lithium-ion batteries have often been proposed as part of various hybrid energy systems. Examples of such applications are hybrid vehicles, photovoltaic-battery or wind-battery systems and power distribution grids. One of the key functions of a battery is to be source of an additional power when the main power source in the system cannot cover the power demands. The power capability of the battery is described by its impedance characteristic. It depends significantly on the battery state-of-charge (SoC), the temperature, the current and the previous history. In this paper, these dependencies and their variations over the battery lifetime are investigated on a 40 Ah lithium-ion cell produced by Kokam (Type SLPB100216216H) with nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC) cathode material as an example. For this purpose, a full characterisation of the battery impedance is performed in the new and aged states using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and the current-pulse technique. The results obtained for the new and aged states are compared. The results show, for example, that the SoC range, in which the battery operates with high efficiency, decreases due to significant aging. For the first time, the nonlinearity (current dependency) of the battery resistance is investigated extensively. It varies slightly with the SoC and considerably with the temperature, and it also changes during the battery lifetime. Furthermore, the dependency of the lithium-ion battery impedance on the short-time previous history is shown for the first time for a new and aged cell. The influence of the measured dependencies of the battery impedance on potential applications is discussed.

Keywords: Battery; Energy management; Power capability; Resistance, impedance characteristic (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2013
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (124)

Downloads: (external link)
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S030626191200671X
Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:eee:appene:v:102:y:2013:i:c:p:885-897

Ordering information: This journal article can be ordered from
http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/405891/bibliographic
http://www.elsevier. ... 405891/bibliographic

DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2012.09.030

Access Statistics for this article

Applied Energy is currently edited by J. Yan

More articles in Applied Energy from Elsevier
Bibliographic data for series maintained by Catherine Liu ().