Hydrothermal liquefaction of barley straw to bio-crude oil: Effects of reaction temperature and aqueous phase recirculation

Zhe Zhu, Lasse Rosendahl, Saqib Sohail Toor, Donghong Yu and Guanyi Chen

Applied Energy, 2015, vol. 137, issue C, 183-192

Abstract: Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of barley straw with K2CO3 at different temperatures (280–400°C) was conducted and compared to optimize its process conditions; the aqueous phase as a co-product from this process was recycled to explore the feasibility of implementing wastewater reuse for bio-crude oil production. Results showed that low temperature favored the formation of bio-crude oil, with a maximum yield of 34.9wt% at 300°C. Contrarily, at high temperature, the bio-crude oil had better qualities in terms of less oxygen content and higher heating values (HHVs). The compounds identified in bio-crude oil were mainly phenolics, carboxylic acids, aldehydes and alcohols, among which the relative contents of phenolics and carboxylic acids decreased with increasing temperature. In the recirculation studies, bio-crude yield was enhanced gradually with aqueous phase addition at 300°C, and reached 38.4wt% after three cycles. The HHVs of bio-crude oil from HTL with aqueous phase were 28.4–29.4MJ/kg, slightly higher than those from HTL with fresh water. While no obvious differences in elemental distribution can be found after aqueous phase recirculation. In conclusion, this study gives a detailed insight into the HTL behavior of barley straw, and offers potential opportunities and benefits for bio-crude oil production through the reuse of aqueous phase.

Keywords: Hydrothermal liquefaction; Barley straw; Bio-crude oil; Aqueous phase; Recirculation (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2015
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Citations: View citations in EconPapers (47)

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DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.10.005

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