A bi-level scheduling model for virtual power plants with aggregated thermostatically controlled loads and renewable energy

Congying Wei, Jian Xu, Siyang Liao, Yuanzhang Sun, Yibo Jiang, Deping Ke, Zhen Zhang and Jing Wang

Applied Energy, 2018, vol. 224, issue C, 659-670

Abstract: With the penetration of renewable energy increasing, the power system requires higher flexibility of power regulation. Virtual power plants can aggregate distributed flexible loads to improve the utilization of distributed renewable energy. In this paper, a bi-level scheduling model for virtual power plants with a large number of distributed thermostatically controlled loads and intermittent renewable energy is established to reduce the net exchange power deviation caused by the forecast error of renewable energy. The upper level optimizes the exchange power curve and reduces the imbalance costs in intraday, while the lower level tracks the optimized power curve in real-time to complete the regulation target. Static and dynamic aggregation method reflecting the regulation characteristics of aggregated thermostatically controlled loads is proposed and applied in lower/upper level, respectively. In addition, a two-step simplified strategy is proposed to solve the mixed integer nonlinear programming in upper level. Simulation results show that the proposed method can reduce the maximum imbalance power, and it is not affected by parameters heterogeneity, which is suitable for virtual power plants with diversified users.

Keywords: Virtual power plant; Distributed energy resource; Thermostatically controlled loads; A bi-level scheduling; Forecast error (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2018
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (40)

Downloads: (external link)
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261918307256
Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:eee:appene:v:224:y:2018:i:c:p:659-670

Ordering information: This journal article can be ordered from
http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/405891/bibliographic
http://www.elsevier. ... 405891/bibliographic

DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.05.032

Access Statistics for this article

Applied Energy is currently edited by J. Yan

More articles in Applied Energy from Elsevier
Bibliographic data for series maintained by Catherine Liu ().