Stimulating sustainable energy at maritime ports by hybrid economic incentives: A bilevel optimization approach

Anahita Molavi, Gino J. Lim and Jian Shi

Applied Energy, 2020, vol. 272, issue C, No S0306261920307005

Abstract: Over the past few decades, maritime ports have faced ever-increasing critiques regarding their significant production of air emissions resulting from their energy activities. To promote sustainability at ports, regulatory authorities have introduced the concept of regulations and economic incentives. In this paper, we analyze the process in which a regulatory authority defines regulations, incentives, and tax policies to motivate one or more ports in the region to initiate energy sustainability and emission-reduction efforts. We model the behaviors of both the regulatory authority and the participating ports in the form of a multi-objective mixed-integer nonlinear bilevel optimization problem to capture the hierarchy of the policy-making process and the existing competitions among the ports. The proposed model finds the optimal incentive and tax policies for the policy-maker in the upper-level and provides the ports in the region with the optimal choice of sustainable energy solutions and service prices in the lower-level. Simulation results show that the proposed approach can effectively reduce the region-wide emission from the port activities while ensuring port entities’ welfare, competitiveness, and sustainable growth as regional energy hubs.

Keywords: Port energy systems; Sustainability; Economic incentives; Policy analysis; Bilevel programming (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2020
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (8)

Downloads: (external link)
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920307005
Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:eee:appene:v:272:y:2020:i:c:s0306261920307005

Ordering information: This journal article can be ordered from
http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/405891/bibliographic
http://www.elsevier. ... 405891/bibliographic

DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.115188

Access Statistics for this article

Applied Energy is currently edited by J. Yan

More articles in Applied Energy from Elsevier
Bibliographic data for series maintained by Catherine Liu ().