Progression of cell-to-cell variation within battery modules under different cooling structures

Ziyou Song, Niankai Yang, Xinfan Lin, Fanny Pinto Delgado, Heath Hofmann and Jing Sun

Applied Energy, 2022, vol. 312, issue C, No S0306261922002768

Abstract: Cell-to-cell variation generally exists within battery packs, due to factors attributed to manufacturing and operating. Non-uniform temperature distribution, caused by the uneven cooling condition, contributes significantly to cell-to-cell variation over time, particularly to capacity variation, as temperature significantly influences the battery degradation rate. Especially for parallel-connected cells, the lack of individual current sensing and actuation makes it challenging to detect and control the capacity variation. In order to understand how cell-to-cell variation evolves, we investigate the effect of cooling structures on the progression of variation within parallel-connected battery cells using an electro-thermal-aging model for battery cells and a thermal model of the cooling system. The simulation result shows that the cell-to-cell variations increase initially because of uneven cooling conditions, but then the variation decreases over time, thanks to the self-balancing mechanism among parallel-connected cells. Moreover, when comparing the sequential and round cooling structures, it is found that the round cooling structure, which provides a more uniform cooling condition to all cells, has significant advantage in terms of suppressing the cell-to-cell variation, especially for large battery strings. The even cooling structure is preferred in practical applications; however, the trade-off between cooling system complexity and performance needs to be carefully considered.

Keywords: Lithium-ion batteries; Cooling structure; Battery aging; Parallel-connected batteries; Cell-to-cell variation (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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Citations: View citations in EconPapers (6)

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DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.118836

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