Joint analysis of regional and national power system impacts of electric vehicles—A case study for Germany on the county level in 2030

Leo Strobel, Jonas Schlund and Marco Pruckner

Applied Energy, 2022, vol. 315, issue C, No S0306261922003610

Abstract: In recent years, electric vehicles have consolidated their position as the primary decarbonization tool in the transport sector. In several countries, registration numbers approach or have already exceeded the one million mark. This development brings with it new opportunities and problems for regional as well as national power systems. Current research analyzes these two spatial levels separately. However, this practice has its limitations when we are interested in controlled charging. Optimal behavior with regards to objectives on one spatial level often comes with ramifications on another. This study quantifies this effect on a case study of Germany 2030. We optimize unidirectional electric vehicle charging on both the national and county level. The resulting peak load and renewable integration amount are evaluated. We find that national optimization can completely avoid national peak loads and integrate an additional 10.8TWh of renewables. However, we have to accept average peak load increases of 23% at transmission grid substations, exceeding even our results for uncontrolled charging. These regional peaks are avoided if optimization is conducted county by county. In this case, the national peak load increase is also minor, but the renewable integration potential is reduced by 3.6TWh.

Keywords: Electric vehicles; Smart charging; Optimization; Multi node model; Renewable energy integration (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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Citations: View citations in EconPapers (5)

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DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.118945

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