A predictive control strategy based on A-ECMS to handle Zero-Emission Zones: Performance assessment and testing using an HiL equipped with vehicular connectivity

Lorenzo Brunelli, Alessandro Capancioni, Stella Canè, Giammarco Cecchini, Alessandro Perazzo, Alessandro Brusa and Nicolò Cavina

Applied Energy, 2023, vol. 340, issue C, No S0306261923003720

Abstract: Recently, several metropolitan cities introduced Zero-Emissions Zones where the use of the Internal Combustion Engine is forbidden to reduce localized pollutants emissions. This is particularly problematic for Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles, which usually work in depleting mode. So, the risk of not having enough energy stored to carry out the driving mission and then paying a fee is substantial. This work presents a viable solution by exploiting vehicular connectivity to retrieve navigation data of the urban event along a selected route. The battery energy needed, in the form of a minimum State of Charge (SoC), is calculated by a Speed Profile Prediction algorithm and a Backward Vehicle Model. That value is then fed to both a Rule-Based Strategy, developed specifically for this application, and an Adaptive Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy (A-ECMS). The effectiveness of this approach has been tested with a Connected Hardware-in-the-Loop (C-HiL) on a driving cycle measured on-road, stimulating the predictions with multiple re-routings. The tests have been conducted with different initial SoC values for each strategy, showing a maximum error in the SoC prediction of 2.4% and up to 26.1% of CO2 saving with the A-ECMS.

Keywords: Zero-Emission Zones; Hybrid electric vehicles; Adaptive-ECMS; Vehicular connectivity; Hardware-in-the-Loop (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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Citations: View citations in EconPapers (2)

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DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2023.121008

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