The electro-thermal equalization behaviors of battery modules with immersion cooling

Qian Liu, Chen Sun, Jingshu Zhang, Qianlei Shi, Kaixuan Li, Boxu Yu, Chao Xu and Xing Ju

Applied Energy, 2023, vol. 351, issue C, No S030626192301190X

Abstract: The electrical and thermal characteristics of Li-ion batteries (LIBs) are closely related and need to be further investigated. Especially for the promising immersion cooling LIBs, the interaction between battery performance and immersion thermal management system still needs to be clearly illustrated. This research aims to reveal the electro-thermal equalization behaviors of LIB modules with immersion cooling. An electro-thermal test platform was established for a series-connected LIB module. Besides the experimental research on the thermal control capability, the electro-thermal equalization behaviors of the LIB module with different cooling methods are also investigated at steady and dynamic operations. Results show that the electrical inconsistency between the LIBs with different cooling schemes intensifies at the end of discharge, and the voltage deviation (δU,t) increases quickly at high rates. However, immersion cooling can mitigate this behavior effectively. As the immersion height ratio varies from 0 to 1, the δU,t at the end of the 2C discharge declines from 17.1% to 4.3%, then rises to 7.9%. From a general viewpoint, the indicators, including the equalization rates of the voltage, average temperature, and temperature difference, are defined further to assess the electro-thermal equalization behaviors of the module. According to the estimation, the equalization capacities are static flow > forced flow > air cooling for all indicators. Static flow immersion cooling demonstrates superiority in thermal and electrical equalization, while forced flow immersion cooling is still necessary at high discharge rates for reducing thermal recovery time and temperature rise.

Keywords: Immersion cooling; Battery thermal management; Equalization; Electro-thermal performance; Dynamic test (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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Citations: View citations in EconPapers (2)

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DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2023.121826

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