Renewable energy integration in water desalination: State-of-the-art review and comparative analysis

Bourhan Tashtoush, Wa'ed Alyahya, Malak Al Ghadi, Jamal Al-Omari and Tatiana Morosuk

Applied Energy, 2023, vol. 352, issue C, No S0306261923013144

Abstract: This paper offers a comprehensive overview of advanced water desalination systems powered by renewable energy sources, specifically focusing on developments in the past decade. Solar energy is particularly emphasized as a pivotal resource for powering diverse desalination methods, including membrane distillation, reverse osmosis, humidification-dehumidification, forward osmosis, and hybrid systems. The primary objectives of this study encompass evaluating current advancements in renewable energy systems, especially solar energy, for driving water desalination processes. Furthermore, the study aims to identify gaps in research, challenges, and recommendations within these processes, and to assess the performance and refinement potential of hybrid desalination systems. Through a comprehensive analysis of various investigations, integrated effectiveness and cost-efficiency are examined, focusing on practical energy utilization. Notably, the analysis reveals the potential of hybrid desalination systems to reduce energy consumption. For instance, the hybridization of forward osmosis with membrane distillation showcases a significant energy ratio decrease from 0.89 to 0.64. Moreover, the combination of humidification-dehumidification with reverse osmosis is shown to reduce energy usage while enhancing freshwater output by up to 38% compared to standalone reverse osmosis. However, challenges persist, such as the need for improved integration of hybrid systems with concentrated solar collectors like photovoltaic thermal and concentrated photovoltaic thermal technologies.

Keywords: Seawater; brackish water; Membrane distillation; Reverse osmosis; Humidification-dehumidification; Forward osmosis; Hybrid systems (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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Citations: View citations in EconPapers (5)

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DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2023.121950

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