Shared learning of powertrain control policies for vehicle fleets

Lindsey Kerbel, Beshah Ayalew and Andrej Ivanco

Applied Energy, 2024, vol. 365, issue C, No S0306261924006007

Abstract: Emerging data-driven approaches, such as deep reinforcement learning (DRL), aim at on-the-field learning of powertrain control policies that optimize fuel economy and other performance metrics. Indeed, they have shown great potential in this regard for individual vehicles on specific routes/drive cycles. However, for fleets of vehicles that must service a distribution of routes, DRL approaches struggle with learning stability issues that result in high variances and challenge their practical deployment. In this paper, we present a novel framework for shared learning among a fleet of vehicles through the use of a distilled group policy as the knowledge sharing mechanism for the policy learning computations at each vehicle. We detail the mathematical formulation that makes this possible. Several scenarios are considered to analyze the framework’s functionality, performance, and computational scalability with fleet size. Comparisons of the cumulative performance of fleets using our proposed shared learning approach with a baseline of individual learning agents and another state-of-the-art approach with a centralized learner show clear advantages to our approach. For example, we find a fleet average asymptotic improvement of 8.5% in fuel economy compared to the baseline while also improving on the metrics of acceleration error and shifting frequency for fleets serving a distribution of suburban routes. Furthermore, we include demonstrative results that show how the framework reduces variance within a fleet and also how it helps individual agents adapt better to new routes.

Keywords: Reinforcement learning; Vehicle fleet; Shared learning; Powertrain control (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.123217

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