Distributed electric bicycle batteries for subway station energy management as a virtual power plant

Siwei Liu, Chao Lu and Guannan He

Applied Energy, 2024, vol. 370, issue C, No S030626192400477X

Abstract: Improving the energy efficiency of transportation systems is essential for accelerating decarbonization. Integrating regenerative braking energy (RBE) in subway stations is challenging for power systems. The existing multimodal transport of electric bicycles and subways lends subway station energy storage resources to manage the RBE. In this article, we proposed a virtual power plant (VPP) scheme comprising subway stations, electric bicycles, and photovoltaic systems. We developed an optimization model to manage the charging of distributed electric bicycles to integrate the RBE and reduce the total electricity bill of the VPP. We applied the proposed model to Beijing Subway Lines 5 and 13 and investigated the benefits of the VPP scheme and multimodal transport. The results indicate that the VPP can integrate 42% of the RBE and generate a high profit rate.

Keywords: Energy system; Optimization; Virtual power plant; Regenerative braking energy; Electric bicycle; Subway (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.123094

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