Data-driven heat pump retrofit analysis in residential buildings: Carbon emission reductions and economic viability

Daniel R. Bayer and Marco Pruckner

Applied Energy, 2024, vol. 373, issue C, No S0306261924012066

Abstract: Heat pumps replacing existing gas furnaces, the predominant heating system in Europe, are crucial for achieving global CO2 emission reduction targets. Previous studies have simulated this reduction potential for a few buildings, revealing substantial variations in results. Moreover, additional CO2 emission reductions are proven to be possible with photovoltaic installations and battery energy storage systems. However, as these come with high investment costs, the question remains whether these are economically viable. Moreover, as the building stock shows a high degree of diversity and the heat demand is dependent on the annual weather conditions, the CO2 emission reduction and the cost-effectiveness of incorporating photovoltaics or battery systems should be analyzed for all buildings in a city over multiple years. In this paper, we address these questions by utilizing a digital twin of a German city encompassing all residential buildings, capturing the diversity of the building stock.

Keywords: Residential heat pump retrofit; Economic heating systems; City-scale digital twins; Decarbonization of heating systems; Greenhouse gas emission reduction; Heat pumps; Photovoltaics and battery energy storage systems (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.123823

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