Hierarchical optimal operation for bipolar DC distribution networks with remote residential communities

Qianggang Wang, Yiyao Zhou, Bingxin Fan, Jianquan Liao, Tao Huang, Xuefei Zhang, Yao Zou and Niancheng Zhou

Applied Energy, 2025, vol. 378, issue PA, No S0306261924020841

Abstract: To facilitate the seamless integration of renewable energy, bipolar DC distribution networks (Bi-DCDNs) have been widely adopted in various applications, including the Shenzhen Future Building, the Boeing 787 aircraft, and DC LED lighting systems in Singapore. Bi-DCDNs incorporate diverse flexible devices to improve both economic efficiency and security. However, a comprehensive coordination framework considering the regulatory heterogeneity among these flexible devices remains absent. Hence, this paper proposes a hierarchical coordination framework for flexible devices in Bi-DCDNs. More specifically, the upper-level model considers the operational differences of the DC transformer (DCT) in various modes to determine the optimal switching scheme for reducing losses; In the lower-level model, the control parameters of the DCT, energy storage systems (ESSs), and DC electrical springs (DCESs) are coordinated to enhance voltage quality. Furthermore, to accurately capture the steady-state behavior of flexible devices, the hierarchical framework incorporates the Newton-Raphson power flow method. This method formulates a steady-state model for multiple flexible devices and demonstrates the impact of different control modes of DCT on power flow. Subsequently, a genetic algorithm is used to solve the proposed model, ensuring that suboptimal decisions made at the upper level are rectified at the lower level, and vice versa. The numerical results indicate that the proposed framework achieves the optimal operation for both reduced losses and enhanced voltage quality in Bi-DCDNs. Furthermore, it exhibits advantageous applications for Bi-DCDNs with additional DCTs for remote residential communities.

Keywords: Optimal operation; Hierarchical coordination; Bipolar DC distribution network; Flexible devices; Regulatory heterogeneity; Newton-Raphson power flow method (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations:

Downloads: (external link)
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261924020841
Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:eee:appene:v:378:y:2025:i:pa:s0306261924020841

Ordering information: This journal article can be ordered from
http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/405891/bibliographic
http://www.elsevier. ... 405891/bibliographic

DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.124701

Access Statistics for this article

Applied Energy is currently edited by J. Yan

More articles in Applied Energy from Elsevier
Bibliographic data for series maintained by Catherine Liu ().