Secure frequency regulation in power system: A comprehensive defense strategy against FDI, DoS, and latency cyber-attacks

Shaohua Yang, Keng-Weng Lao, Hongxun Hui, Jinshuo Su and Sheng Wang

Applied Energy, 2025, vol. 379, issue C, No S030626192402155X

Abstract: Maintaining frequency is crucial for the security of power systems, while deep cyber–physical interactions make frequency regulation susceptible to cyber-attack risks. False data injection (FDI) attacks, denial-of-service (DoS) attacks, and latency attacks are typical types of cyber-attacks prevalent in power systems, each capable of deteriorating system frequency through distinct mechanisms and posing serious security risks. However, existing studies on frequency regulation lack security aspects that can comprehensively address all these attack types. To fill this gap, this paper investigates a security strategy to safeguard power system frequency regulation. First, considering all these attacks, the system frequency regulation system is modeled to reveal the severity of cyber-security problems, specifically the failure to maintain frequency due to cyber-attacks. Moreover, a cyber-resilient control (CRC) strategy is developed to counter FDI, DoS, and latency attacks comprehensively. The CRC strategy involves a two-step process, including a safety surface and auxiliary trajectory control. The safety surface serves as a defensive barrier against multiple cyber-attacks, while the auxiliary trajectory control activates the safety surface’s defense capability, thereby ensuring the security of system frequency. Furthermore, rigorous proofs are given based on Lyapunov theorem, demonstrating that system stability can be guaranteed by the developed CRC strategy, even under multiple types of cyber-attacks. Finally, test results confirm the efficacy of the CRC strategy. For instance, it prevents pre-existing frequency oscillations and destabilization, and also reduces the maximum frequency deviation by approximately 96.61% under multiple cyber-attacks. Therefore, the developed CRC strategy can comprehensively defend against FDI, DoS, and latency cyber-attacks, significantly contributing to the power system security.

Keywords: Power system security; Frequency regulation; Multiple types of cyber-attacks; Resilient control; Lyapunov theorem (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations:

Downloads: (external link)
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S030626192402155X
Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:eee:appene:v:379:y:2025:i:c:s030626192402155x

Ordering information: This journal article can be ordered from
http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/405891/bibliographic
http://www.elsevier. ... 405891/bibliographic

DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.124772

Access Statistics for this article

Applied Energy is currently edited by J. Yan

More articles in Applied Energy from Elsevier
Bibliographic data for series maintained by Catherine Liu ().