Integration of offshore energy into national energy system: A case study on Belgium

Jocelyn Mbenoun, Amina Benzerga, Bardhyl Miftari, Ghislain Detienne, Thierry Deschuyteneer, Juan Vazquez, Guillaume Derval and Damien Ernst

Applied Energy, 2025, vol. 382, issue C, No S0306261924024152

Abstract: Offshore wind farms are typically connected to the mainland via HVAC or HVDC lines. Another possibility to transmit energy is using molecules instead of electricity which may lead to reduced cost and better storage opportunities. This paper proposes a multi-carrier (natural gas, electricity and hydrogen) model of the Belgium energy system in 2050, under carbon neutrality constraint, to assess whether an energy mix should contain offshore hydrogen production. While HV lines remain the main way of transmitting energy from the offshore farm to mainland, the results show that depending on the renewable capacities, the distance between the wind farm and the coast, and the price of hydrogen import, producing H2 offshore could be beneficial.

Keywords: Graph-based optimisation modelling language; Energetic system modelling; Offshore hub; Hydrogen; Multi-energy system (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.125031

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