Degradation of commercial Li4Ti5O12-based lithium-ion batteries under extremely fast cycling rates

Laisuo Su, Martin Z. Bazant, Alan Millner and Peng Bai

Applied Energy, 2025, vol. 386, issue C, No S0306261925003241

Abstract: Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) is a promising anode material for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to its good cycle stability, rate capability, and safety. The relatively high Li+ intercalation plateau of about 1.55 V prevents the occurrence of lithium plating even at extremely high C-rates. In this study, we introduce a test protocol that can accurately evaluate the high-rate cycling performance of LTO-based LIBs. Two types of large-format commercial batteries are investigated, one with a capacity of 13 Ah (battery-A) and one with 3 Ah (battery-B). By incorporating two low-C-rate cycles every 50 high-C-rate cycles, we identify not only the overall capacity degradation but also the shifting state-of-charge range that the two types of batteries go through during cycling tests at various high C-rates (from 5C to 20C). Based on the uncovered mechanisms, a single-particle model is developed that can predict the aging behavior of the tested batteries at different C-rates. The study provides a simple onboard testing protocol to accurately evaluate the performance of LTO-based batteries.

Keywords: Lithium-ion battery; Li4Ti5O12 anode; High C-rates; Aging mechanisms; Single particle model (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
References: Add references at CitEc
Citations:

Downloads: (external link)
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261925003241
Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:eee:appene:v:386:y:2025:i:c:s0306261925003241

Ordering information: This journal article can be ordered from
http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/405891/bibliographic
http://www.elsevier. ... 405891/bibliographic

DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.125594

Access Statistics for this article

Applied Energy is currently edited by J. Yan

More articles in Applied Energy from Elsevier
Bibliographic data for series maintained by Catherine Liu ().