Soft costs and EVSE – Knowledge gaps as a barrier to successful projects

Peter Benoliel, Margaret Taylor, Timothy Coburn, Ranjit R. Desai, Stephen Schey, Mindy Gerdes and Peng Peng

Applied Energy, 2025, vol. 389, issue C, No S0306261925004799

Abstract: There has been a recent push to increase access to electric vehicle (EV) charging infrastructure. The National Electric Vehicle Infrastructure (NEVI) program, part of the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law (BIL) has made significant funding available for major charging infrastructure projects along state thruways, and many state and local incentives exist for EV owners to install chargers in their homes. However, deployment of these chargers has not kept up with demand, primarily due to issues in project planning, permitting processes, and unforeseen delays. This paper serves as a review of the current understanding of these and other non-hardware costs in EV charging infrastructure projects (collectively known as “soft costs”). We found that soft costs in EV charging infrastructure projects are not well understood. Specifically, there is little agreement on how soft costs should be categorized and tracked, and less agreement still on best practices for controlling these costs and lowering barriers to infrastructure deployment. A broader review of EV charging infrastructure cost analyses shows that these costs can have significant impacts on project outcomes. EV charging infrastructure projects may be able to examine the success of the solar industry in lowering soft costs, and a similar effort may lower project costs significantly. Further work on standardizing and collecting data on EV charging infrastructure costs is required to begin addressing and controlling these costs.

Keywords: EVSE; Electric vehicles; Soft costs; Literature review; Charging infrastructure (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.125749

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