A novel SOC consistency evaluation method based on dynamic reconfigurable battery energy storage system

Congjia Zhang, Yanglin Zhou, Xiangjin Wang, Min Liu, Chongqing Kang and Song Ci

Applied Energy, 2025, vol. 396, issue C, No S0306261925009286

Abstract: The second-life use of retired electric vehicle (EV) batteries in energy storage systems (ESSs) plays a crucial role in resource recycling and environmental protection. However, the significant inconsistency among retired battery modules poses safety risks to the battery energy storage systems (BESSs). State of charge (SOC) consistency evaluation of traditional BESSs is challenging due to the complex working conditions and the relatively flat OCV-SOC (open circuit voltage-SOC) curve of LiFePO4 modules. Therefore, we propose a novel SOC consistency evaluation method based on dynamic reconfigurable battery system (DRBS). First, fast online OCV estimation can be achieved by the DRBS due to its ability to disconnect modules from the system. Then, coefficient of variation (CV) of OCV is designated as the SOC consistency indicator (CI). A CV calculation method is proposed to overcome voltage plateau and polarization effect, which facilitates the computation of consistency scores. Finally, the proposed method is verified by a real case study on a dynamic reconfigurable battery energy storage station utilizing retired EV modules. The results indicate that the proposed method can quantitatively evaluate the consistency levels across different DRBSs and effectively identify those with significant inconsistency.

Keywords: Battery energy storage system; Retired battery; Consistency evaluation; Open circuit voltage; Dynamic reconfiguration (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126198

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