Literature review of R744 mixtures for heating and cooling application and future prospective for their CFD multiphase modelling

Nicola Andreini, Luca Socci, Sahrish Batool Naqvi and Lorenzo Talluri

Applied Energy, 2025, vol. 399, issue C, No S0306261925012462

Abstract: Carbon dioxide is increasingly recognized as a sustainable alternative refrigerant for heating and cooling systems due to its low global warming potential (GWP = 1) and favourable thermophysical properties. However, carbon dioxide-based systems face certain challenges, particularly lower efficiency at high ambient temperatures. To overcome these limitations, researchers have explored carbon dioxide mixtures with other refrigerants, such as dimethyl ether, propane, and others. These mixtures show potential for improved performance while maintaining a low environmental impact. As a result, they have garnered significant interest in both industrial and academic sectors, particularly for applications in refrigeration, air conditioning, and heat pump systems.

Keywords: R744 mixtures; CFD; Multiphase; Multicomponent modelling; Sustainable fluids (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126516

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