Load scheduling optimization for user-centric residential demand response leveraging time use surveys

Reda El Makroum, Sebastian Zwickl-Bernhard, Lukas Kranzl and Hans Auer

Applied Energy, 2026, vol. 403, issue PB, No S0306261925018100

Abstract: This paper presents a novel optimization algorithm that integrates user behavior into day-ahead load scheduling for residential demand response (DR) by utilizing data from the Harmonized European Time Use Survey (HETUS). The proposed algorithm schedules the operation of household appliances, such as laundry, dishwashing, cooking, and cleaning, based on dynamic pricing and user preferences, aiming to minimize electricity costs while mitigating the impact on user convenience. A sensitivity analysis is conducted to optimize the weighting factor between cost and behavior, ensuring a balanced trade-off. The algorithm introduces buffer zones and alternative scheduling to provide additional flexibility for users. The methodology is tested using data from Austria, showing significant cost savings of up to 50 % with minimal disruption to user behavior. The results provide the basis for a more personalized energy management solution, potentially increasing user participation and improving the effectiveness of residential DR programs.

Keywords: Residential demand response; User behavior; Load scheduling; Dynamic pricing; Time use surveys (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2026
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DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.127080

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