Solar ultra-violet radiation changes in Bahrain

W. E. Alnaser

Applied Energy, 1997, vol. 57, issue 1, 25-35

Abstract: Long-term changes in solar ultra-violet radiation (UV) of wavelengths 295 to 385 nm were measured in Bahrain. A tendency occurred towards a reduction in UV intensity during the months of June, July, August and September in each year. A calculation was made, and averaged, over several years regarding the ratio of UV intensity for each month to the average global solar radiation for that month, on a horizontal surface. The average annual ratio was found to be 3.87% with a lowest value of 3.3% and a highest value of 4.35%. The measured UV intensity in Bahrain was compared with those measured in countries in the Arabian Gulf, Middle East, Northern Europe and in Alaska. An empirical equation has been developed which estimates the monthly average UV intensity, with a maximum monthly percentage error of not more than 24%. This equation contains only three variables, namely humidity, sunshine fraction and extra-terrestrial solar radiation.

Date: 1997
References: View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (1)

Downloads: (external link)
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306-2619(96)00023-2
Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:eee:appene:v:57:y:1997:i:1:p:25-35

Ordering information: This journal article can be ordered from
http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/405891/bibliographic
http://www.elsevier. ... 405891/bibliographic

Access Statistics for this article

Applied Energy is currently edited by J. Yan

More articles in Applied Energy from Elsevier
Bibliographic data for series maintained by Catherine Liu ().