Is there a global-business-subculture effect on gender differences? A multisociety analysis of subordinate influence on ethics behaviors

David A. Ralston, Jane Terpstra-Tong, Prem Ramburuth, Charlotte Karam, Olivier Furrer, Irina Naoumova, Malika Richards, Narasimhan Srinivasan, Fidel León-Darder, Emmanuelle Reynaud, María Teresa de la Garza Carranza, Tania Casado, Marina Dabic, Maria Kangasniemi, Ian Palmer, Erna Szabo, Jaime Ruiz Gutiérrez, Florian von Wangenheim, Pingping Fu, Andre Pekerti, Mario Molteni, Arūnas Starkus, Audra Mockaitis, Arif Butt, Vojko V. Potocan, Ajantha S. Dharmasiri, Christine M.H. Kuo, Tevfik Dalgic, Tomasz Lenartowicz, Hung Vu Thanh, Yong-lin Moon, Philip Hallinger, Ilya Girson, Carolyn P. Egri, Laurie Milton, Ana Marie Rossi, Mark Weber, Mahfooz A. Ansari, Ruth Alas, Wade Danis, Detelin Elenkov and David M. Brock

Business Horizons, 2025, vol. 68, issue 3, 277-300

Abstract: While business studies on gender have increased, they continue to adopt traditional approaches with limited samples drawn from general populations (e.g., students and teachers). In contrast, we investigate gender differences with our focus solely on business professionals. Specifically, we study 40 societies using the four dimensions of subordinate influence ethics (SIE) behaviors: pro-organizational behaviors, image-management behaviors, self-serving behaviors, and maliciously intended behaviors. We employed crossvergence theory as our theoretical foundation, with its two competing forces, sociocultural (gender differences) and business-ideological (no gender differences), which translates to a global-business-subculture effect. We found no gender differences for three of the four SIE behaviors and minimal differences for the fourth for our sample of business professionals. Thus, our findings differ significantly from those of previous general-population samples. We also tested for societal-level moderating effects of collectivism and individualism using the business values dimensions (BVD) measure. Our individualism findings, the primary values dimension associated with business success, in conjunction with findings from other studies, support our nonsignificant SIE differences findings. In sum, the truly minimal gender differences that we found provide strong support for the perspective that there is a global-business-subculture effect. Our findings also suggest that ethical differences between genders are minimal across the global workforce. We discuss the implications for international business.

Keywords: Global business subculture; Gender differences; Gender similarities; Subordinate influence ethics (SIE) behaviors; Business values dimensions (BVDs); Individualism and collectivism (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:eee:bushor:v:68:y:2025:i:3:p:277-300

DOI: 10.1016/j.bushor.2025.02.004

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