The underlying nonlinear dynamics of strong coupling via entangled dark states

Muhammad Asif Ahmad Khushaini, Basyirah Zulkifli, Ahmad Ashrif A. Bakar, Tg Hasnan Tg Abdul Aziz and Ahmad Rifqi Md Zain

Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, 2025, vol. 199, issue P2

Abstract: The interplay between dark states and strong coupling remains a crucial aspect of quantum light-matter interactions, offering new pathways for harnessing collective quantum phenomena. A key challenge, however, is understanding the fundamental mechanisms that drive strong coupling and its connection to quantum correlations. Here, we show that strong coupling in a plasmonic system emerges from the entanglement of two dark states, one associated with the uncoupled plasmonic mode and the other a low-energy dark state whose precise nature remains undetermined. Our experiments reveal that this interaction produces hybrid light-matter states through sum- and difference-frequency generation, a nonlinear process known to encode quantum correlations. By applying this framework to prior studies, we recover key system parameters with high accuracy, demonstrating the model's broad applicability. These findings suggest a deeper connection between strong coupling and quantum entanglement, providing new insights into nonlinear optics and quantum coherence. By revealing how dark-state interactions shape hybrid polaritonic states, this work advances the understanding of light-matter interactions and offers a potential pathway toward quantum information technologies.

Keywords: Strong coupling; Dark states; Entanglement; Polaritons; Sum- and difference-frequency generations (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:eee:chsofr:v:199:y:2025:i:p2:s0960077925008021

DOI: 10.1016/j.chaos.2025.116789

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