Almost periodic dynamics and stability in neutral-type BAM neural networks on time scales

Nada K. Mahdi and Ayad R. Khudair

Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, 2026, vol. 208, issue P1

Abstract: Neutral-type bidirectional associative memory (BAM) neural networks with leakage arise in applications where the present state depends on delayed rates of change together with distributed dissipation. In this paper, we study such networks on almost periodic time scales, providing a unified framework that covers both continuous- and discrete-time models.

Keywords: Time scales; Neutral-type BAM neural networks; Distributed leakage delay; Almost periodic solution; Global exponential stability; Lyapunov functional (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2026
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:eee:chsofr:v:208:y:2026:i:p1:s0960077926002134

DOI: 10.1016/j.chaos.2026.118072

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