Fundamental group of dual graphs and applications to quantum space time

S.I. Nada and E.H. Hamouda

Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, 2009, vol. 42, issue 1, 500-503

Abstract: Let G be a connected planar graph with n vertices and m edges. It is known that the fundamental group of G has 1−(n−m) generators. In this paper, we show that if G is a self-dual graph, then its fundamental group has (n−1) generators. We indicate that these results are relevant to quantum space time.

Date: 2009
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:eee:chsofr:v:42:y:2009:i:1:p:500-503

DOI: 10.1016/j.chaos.2009.01.015

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