Differentiated demand for private supplementary tutoring: Patterns and implications in Hong Kong secondary education

Mark Bray, Shengli Zhan, Chad Lykins, Dan Wang and Ora Kwo

Economics of Education Review, 2014, vol. 38, issue C, 24-37

Abstract: A growing number of students around the world receive private tutoring in academic subjects. Such tutoring is widely called shadow education because it mimics regular schooling as the school sector grows, so does the shadow; and as the curriculum in the school changes, so does the curriculum in the shadow. Private tutoring has long been a significant phenomenon in East Asia, but has not received adequate research attention.

Keywords: Private tutoring; Shadow education; Costs; Demand for schooling; Privatization (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I21 I22 I24 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2014
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (30)

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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:eee:ecoedu:v:38:y:2014:i:c:p:24-37

DOI: 10.1016/j.econedurev.2013.10.002

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