The economic impact of universities: Evidence from across the globe

Anna Valero and John van Reenen

Economics of Education Review, 2019, vol. 68, issue C, 53-67

Abstract: We develop a new dataset using UNESCO source materials on the location of nearly 15,000 universities in about 1,500 regions across 78 countries, some dating back to the 11th Century. We estimate fixed effects models at the sub-national level between 1950 and 2010 and find that increases in the number of universities are positively associated with future growth of GDP per capita (and this relationship is robust to controlling for a host of observables, as well as unobserved regional trends). Our estimates imply that a 10% increase in a region's number of universities per capita is associated with 0.4% higher future GDP per capita in that region. Furthermore, there appear to be positive spillover effects from universities to geographically close neighbouring regions. We show that the relationship between GDP per capita and universities is not simply driven by the direct expenditures of the university, its staff and students. Part of the effect of universities on growth is mediated through an increased supply of human capital and greater innovation. Furthermore, we find that within countries, higher historical university presence is associated with stronger pro-democratic attitudes.

Keywords: Universities; Growth; Human capital; Innovation (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I23 I25 J24 O10 O31 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2019
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (118)

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Related works:
Working Paper: The economic impact of universities: evidence from across the globe (2018)
Working Paper: The economic impact of universities: evidence from across the globe (2016)
Working Paper: The Economic Impact of Universities: Evidence from Across the Globe (2016)
Working Paper: The economic impact of universities: evidence from across the globe (2016)
Working Paper: The Economic Impact of Universities: Evidence from Across the Globe (2016)
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:eee:ecoedu:v:68:y:2019:i:c:p:53-67

DOI: 10.1016/j.econedurev.2018.09.001

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