Impact of behind-the-meter optimised bidirectional electric vehicles on the distribution grid load

Mathias Müller, Yannic Blume and Janis Reinhard

Energy, 2022, vol. 255, issue C

Abstract: The bidirectional charging of electric vehicles (EVs) can foster the energy transition. The growing number of EVs permit different options for integrating them into electricity grids. Therefore, an energy system model to simulate of low voltage grids is expanded with an optimisation algorithm. More than 1000 real low voltage grids were combined with future scenarios regarding photovoltaic plants (PV), electric heating and mobility to evaluate the grid load. Due to these new loads, 42% of the grids need to be expanded by 2040. Optimisation at a building level is not compulsorily grid-supportive so that neither PV self-consumption optimisation nor peak shaving at commercial units can significantly decrease the number of affected grids. In both cases, bidirectional charging capability is only slightly beneficial for the grid. Applying variable market prices to the flexibility options without considering the local grid situation leads to very high simultaneous charging powers of 10 kW/EV, even for many EVs. In contrast, simultaneity decreases to 3 kW/EV from 30 EVs without variable prices. The higher simultaneities also lead to higher grid loads, and therefore, the percentage of grids needing expansion measure rises to 71%, primarily due to too high transformer utilisation and violations of the voltage conditions.

Keywords: Bidirectional charging; Electric vehicle; Grid integration; Distribution grid; Flexibility; Energy system analysis; V2G (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (4)

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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:eee:energy:v:255:y:2022:i:c:s0360544222014402

DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2022.124537

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