Enhancement of the performance of flexible lead-free nanogenerators by doping in BaTiO3 nanoparticles

Khawla Jeder, Ayda Bouhamed, Hanen Nouri, Najmeddine Abdelmoula, Nathanael Jöhrmann, Bernhard Wunderle, Hamadi Khemakhem and Olfa Kanoun

Energy, 2022, vol. 261, issue PB

Abstract: Barium Titanate (BaTiO3) lead-free ceramic has recently gained attention for the fabrication of nanogenerators. Herein, lead-free piezoceramics (Ba, Ca) (Zr, Ti)O3 was synthesized using the sol-gel method. In order to improve the material properties, Ca2+ and Zr4+ were introduced into the BaTiO3 crystal network to replace Ba2+ and Ti4+, respectively. Subsequently, three flexible nanocomposites were chemically fabricated by mixing polyvinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene (PVDF-HFP) with the commercial BT, the synthesized BZT and BCZT, using the solution‐casting technique. The microstructure and morphology were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and (SEM). This study illustrates that the combination of both addition Ca2+ and Zr4+ in barium titanate is promising for forming the electroactive β-phase in the nanocomposite. The XRD and FTIR confirmed the formation of the polar β-phase, enhancing piezoelectric properties. The electrical conductivity of the nanocomposite increased with doping in both sites. A maximum output voltage (∼1.8 V) and power (∼1.9 μW) were achieved for composite including BCZT particles. Besides, different sizes and concentrations of BCZT/PVDF-HFP based nanogenerators were constructed. The optimal performance was with nanogenerators of size 2 cm × 2.5 cm and 10 wt % of BCZT powders. Biomechanical foot-tapping achieved a maximum output voltage of 4.55 V, which was high enough to become a potential candidate for a self powered device in future applications.

Keywords: BT Doped nanoceramics; Biomechanical energy harvesting; Flexible nanogenerator; Lead-free; Piezoelectric nanocomposites; Sol-gel (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (1)

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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:eee:energy:v:261:y:2022:i:pb:s0360544222020618

DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2022.125169

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