Investigations of combustion characteristics and mechanism of backfire-induced super-knock in a turbocharged hydrogen engine

Xiang-yu Li, Bai-gang Sun, Shi-wei Zhang, Ling-zhi Bao, Qing-he Luo, Felix Leach and Yan-zhong Zhang

Energy, 2024, vol. 312, issue C

Abstract: Hydrogen internal combustion engines have been demonstrated to offer high power with zero carbon emissions. However, knock pose a significant obstacle to enhancing hydrogen engine performance further. Super knock commonly occurs in highly boosted engines with low-speed pre-ignition regimes while a critical super-knock induced by backfire with a new mechanism is detected in hydrogen engines. Experiments and multi-cycle numerical simulations are conducted on a 5.13 L port fuel injection turbocharged hydrogen engine. The results indicate that backfire leads to a maximum pressure amplitude oscillation of 134.7 bar super-knock in the next cycle, which is attributed by twice auto-ignition at −1.3/3.6 °CA. Backfire rises the local temperature to 915 K at the bottom of the cylinder and scrambled hydrogen distribution, leading to large locally rich regions of lambda = 1.2, a lean mixture of lambda = 2.9 near the spark plug, results in 5.4 × 10−4/2 × 10−3 maximum mass fraction of HO2/H2O2. The mechanism of super-knock induced by backfire and normal knock caused by advanced ignition are compared, the unburned region size is positively correlated with the knock intensity. This study of super-knock induced by backfire mechanism is first proposed and it reveals insights of avoiding super-knock, thereby achieving higher performance hydrogen engines.

Keywords: Hydrogen engine; Abnormal combustion; Knock; Backfire (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:eee:energy:v:312:y:2024:i:c:s0360544224032298

DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2024.133453

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