Clean energy supply and demand strategies of Jeju Island to achieve carbon net-zero by using digital twin technology

Jihwan Choi, Dongguen Eom, Byunghwa Park, Junseok Song, Myungchul Kook and Sangwook Park

Energy, 2025, vol. 314, issue C

Abstract: Jeju Island, the largest island in South Korea with abundant renewable resources, aims to meet 100 % of its 2030 power demand with renewable energy. However, controlling the fluctuation of renewable energy is challenging due to the lack of appropriate energy distribution strategies. Herein, we report the new supply and demand management hybrid system on an island scale through battery energy storage system (BESS), plus demand response (DR), high voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission system, and power-to-H2 gas (P2G) technology. According to the digital twin simulation, the most important system over the 25 years starting from 2030 is HVDC#1 reverse transmission. Compared to the base scenario based on the current system, optimized scenario 4 (incentive $0.6, after P2G) showed the reduction in excess energy to 27.08 % of the base scenario. Sensitivity analysis showed that to meet the predicted hydrogen price for 2030, the P2G efficiency should be increased to 82.1 %, and installing P2G facilities without limitations can eliminate all excess energy with an NPC increase of 13.4 % compared to the base scenario. Therefore, this paper proves that (1) enabling reverse transmission of HVDC#1 in the short term and (2) increasing P2G efficiency and capacity in the long term are crucial.

Keywords: Renewable energy fluctuation; Excess electricity management; Battery energy storage system; Demand response; High voltage direct current transmission; Power to hydrogen gas (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:eee:energy:v:314:y:2025:i:c:s0360544224039562

DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2024.134178

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