Hafnium-anchored dendritic mesoporous silicananospheres with customizable acidity and particle size serves as an effective and stable catalyst for 5-hydroxymethylfurfural formation from carbohydrates

Xian Shi, Wanni Liu, Xinyi Xing, Weiwei Shu, Rui Weng, Junhang Sun, Ying Guan, Hui Gao, Gaojin Lyu, Kai Huang, Zengyong Li, Mengya Ruan and Siquan Xu

Energy, 2025, vol. 314, issue C

Abstract: 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is a platform compound with great potential, and solid acid-catalyzed lignocellulosic carbohydrate components into HMF is a viable biomass valorization strategy. Herein, hafnium-anchored dendritic mesoporous silica nanospheres (Hf-DMSNs) with three-dimensional center-radial structures were synthesized via an in-situ co-assembly method. Characterization revealed that the acid properties and particle size of Hf-DMSNs could be regularly customized and that they acted as bifunctional catalysts capable of driving glucose (190 °C, 3 h) and cellulose (210 °C, 4 h) to achieve the desired HMF yields of 71 % and 50 %, respectively. Owing to the appropriate acidity, high accessibility, and anchored active site, the recycling of Hf-DMSNs catalyst lasted for more than twenty times with slight activity loss, which is eye-catching. Meanwhile, the intermediates detected during the conversion process confirmed that the HMF formation from cellulose components under the Hf-DMSNs catalysis was a cascade reaction consisting of three basic steps: hydrolysis, isomerization, and dehydration. The findings in this study provide a reference for the utilization of biomass-derived carbohydrates into HMF via heterogeneous catalysis.

Keywords: Cellulose; Glucose; 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural; Solid acid; Recycling (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:eee:energy:v:314:y:2025:i:c:s036054422403994x

DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2024.134216

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