Reducing environmental and human health impacts of energy systems through optimal utilization of transmission flexibilities

Eduardo J. Castillo Fatule, Yuanrui Sang and Jose F. Espiritu

Energy, 2025, vol. 315, issue C

Abstract: Integrating renewable energy in power systems can significantly reduce emissions in the energy sector, resulting in remarkable environmental and human health benefits. One of the major barriers for renewable energy integration is transmission congestion, which can be effectively mitigated through optimal utilization of transmission flexibilities. Distributed flexible AC transmission systems (D-FACTS) are cutting-edge devices that can provide premium flexibility to electric power transmission systems when optimally allocated and configured. However, the optimal D-FACTS allocation and configuration problem is extremely computationally challenging. This study aims to present a computationally efficient algorithm that can optimally allocate and configure variable-impedance D-FACTS to minimize (1) power system operating costs, (2) global warming potential (GWP), and (3) human toxicity potential (HTP), considering uncertainties in load and renewable energy generation. The model was implemented on a modified RTS-96 test system with a high penetration of wind energy, and results show that optimally allocating and configuring D-FACTS can reduce power system operating costs, GWP, HTP, and renewable energy curtailment. The results also indicate an inverse relationship between the first objective and the other two, showing the necessity to choose a proper trade-off between cost savings, environmental and human health impacts.

Keywords: Distributed flexible AC transmission systems (D-FACTS); Environmental impacts; Evolutionary algorithm; Multi-objective optimization; Power system economics (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:eee:energy:v:315:y:2025:i:c:s0360544224040532

DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2024.134275

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