Effects of explosive power and self mass on venting efficiency of vent panels used in lithium-ion battery energy storage stations

Zhang Chu, Li Wei, Liu Lili, Li Beibei, Liu Xiumei, Zhu Pengjie and Song Hao

Energy, 2025, vol. 315, issue C

Abstract: Lithium-ion batteries are widely used in the field of energy storage. However, the combustible gases generated during thermal runaway events of batteries may lead to explosion. The latest NFPA 855–2023 requires that lithium-ion energy storage stations (Li-BESS) larger than 20 kWh must install explosion protection devices. The vent panel is the preferred protection device for Li-BESS. In this study, the motion equation of the vent panel was derived. The test platform equipped with high-speed data acquisition system was established. The results indicate that the explosive power and the mass of vent panel are two primary factors affecting the venting efficiency. As the explosive power increases, the venting efficiency gradually decreases, reaching only 50 % at a hydrogen concentration of 23 %. Reducing the mass of vent panel can enhance venting efficiency. At opening process, exist an angle that gas production - venting rate achieve equilibrium, and the internal pressure reach its peak. Greater explosive power requires a larger equilibrium angle, while increased mass results in lower acceleration. These factors cause the vent panel to take more time to reach equilibrium angle. Consequently, combustion products cannot expel promptly, leading to higher internal pressure and ultimately lower venting efficiency.

Keywords: Lithium-ion battery; Energy storage station; Explosion protection; Vent panel; Venting efficiency (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:eee:energy:v:315:y:2025:i:c:s0360544224040854

DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2024.134307

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