Non-cooperative game optimization for virtual power plants considering carbon trading market

Wei Liu, Zhuangzhuang Li, Xinran Xing, Xi Chen, Yufei Wang and Xuechun Wang

Energy, 2025, vol. 317, issue C

Abstract: Realizing the low-carbon operation of the power system has become the main direction of power system reform. However, it is also difficult to coordinate power dispatching and benefit balance among multiple virtual power plants (VPPs). Hence, this study proposes an optimization strategy based on a non-cooperative game for VPPs considering the carbon trading market. Firstly, a non-cooperative game model of VPPs, which considers the electric carbon market and stepped carbon transaction cost, is built. Then, multi-timescale optimal scheduling with day-ahead optimization and intraday rolling is established. The day-ahead scheduling phase is modeled to minimize operating costs and stepped carbon trading costs. The rolling optimization uses short-time scales in the intraday stage. Furthermore, for the competitive relationship among different VPPs, a multi-VPPs non-cooperative game model is developed and solved using the alternating direction method of multiplier (ADMM). Finally, the case study demonstrates that the proposed method effectively reduces the operating cost of multi-VPPs and carbon emissions, and fully utilizes internal renewable energy through the introduction of carbon trading VPPs, which balances economic and environmental benefits.

Keywords: Virtual power plant; Non-cooperative game; Carbon trade; Multi-timescales; Alternating direction method of multipliers (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:eee:energy:v:317:y:2025:i:c:s0360544225002130

DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2025.134571

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