Transient heat dissipation performance investigation on the battery thermal management system based on S-CO2 immersion cooling

Hongsong Dai, Chenxu Yang, Feng Zhang, Gaoliang Liao, Bolun Zhang and Jiaqiang E

Energy, 2025, vol. 318, issue C

Abstract: Immersion cooling is an emerging cooling technology for BTMS, which has advantages including better heat transfer performance and temperature control for batteries. In this study, a novel BTMS based on the supercritical carbon dioxide (S-CO2) immersion cooling is developed, and the transient thermal performance comparison among the BTMS based on immersion cooling with different coolants is conducted and the effect of the thermodynamic parameters of S-CO2 on the overall performance of BTMS is investigated. The results indicated that the S-CO2 immersion cooling could significantly improve the overall performance of BTMS, compared with the conventional immersion cooling technologies. In detailed, it could enhance the Nussle number by 453.68 % and PEC by 3831.10 % while reducing the battery temperature rise by 55.2 %, power consumption by 88.60 % and maximum temperature difference by 3.70 K, compared with mineral oil, which is the most effective conventional coolant. Moreover, it could significantly reduce the friction factor. In addition, the operation parameters of S-CO2 approaching to its critical point could provide better heat dissipation performance for the S-CO2 immersion cooling system.

Keywords: Immersion cooling system; Supercritical CO2; Li-ion battery; Immersion coolant; Transient analysis (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:eee:energy:v:318:y:2025:i:c:s0360544225002981

DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2025.134656

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