Thermodynamic analysis of a transcritical CO2 heat pump for heating applications

Wenke Zhao, Yaning Zhang, Chenyang Sun, Lei Li, Bingxi Li and Jie Xu

Energy, 2025, vol. 318, issue C

Abstract: An experimental transcritical CO2 heat pump system was deployed in Harbin, China, and a thermodynamic model based on experimental data was developed. COPh (Coefficient of Performance of heat pump) and heating load, influenced by regenerator efficiency, high pressure, low pressure, outlet temperature of gas cooler, and evaporator superheat, were thoroughly examined. Sensitivity analysis and Response Surface Methodology were employed to evaluate the influences and derive new predictive correlations of COPh and heating load. The results indicated that as the regenerator efficiency increased from 0 to 0.8, COPh rosed from 1.6 to 2.5, while the heating load increased from 7.8 to 15.2 kW. When the high pressure climbed from 8 to 12 MPa, COPh increased from 2.0 to 2.9 and the heating load varied from 8.1 to 23.0 kW. When the low pressure increased from 3 to 7 MPa, COPh increased from 1.9 to 3.2, while the heating load decreased from 23.7 kW to 8.7 kW. When the outlet temperature of gas cooler increased from 40 to 80 °C, COPh and the heating load decreased from 5.2 to 1.8 and 27.9 to 11.9 kW, respectively. The evaporator superheat exerted a minimal impact on COPh and the heating load. For COPh, the influence hierarchy is as follows: outlet temperature of gas cooler > low pressure > high pressure. Conversely, for the heating load: high pressure > low pressure > outlet temperature of gas cooler.

Keywords: Transcritical CO2 heat pump; COP; Heating load; Sensitivity analysis; Response surface methodology (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:eee:energy:v:318:y:2025:i:c:s0360544225005389

DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2025.134896

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